Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye condition causing central vision loss in people over 50. It damages the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision, leading to gradual vision impairment.
What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?
AMD is a leading cause of central vision loss in older adults. It involves degeneration of the macula, affecting the retina’s ability to send clear signals to the brain. The condition progresses at different rates, with some experiencing slow changes and others facing rapid vision decline, primarily affecting activities like reading and recognizing faces.
Stages and Types of AMD
- Early AMD: Presence of medium-sized drusen (yellow deposits) under the retina, usually with no noticeable vision loss.
- Intermediate AMD: Larger drusen and pigment changes; slight vision gaps may occur but often without significant vision loss.
- Late AMD: Significant macular damage causing vision loss. Two forms exist:
- Dry (geographic) AMD — gradual degeneration of macular tissue.
- Wet (neovascular) AMD — abnormal blood vessels cause leakage and rapid vision loss.
Wet AMD affects about 10% of AMD patients but often results in more severe damage.
Risk Factors for AMD
- Age 50 and above
- Family history of AMD
- Poor diet and lack of exercise
- Smoking
- Extended sunlight exposure
- High blood pressure and cholesterol
- Female sex, light-colored skin, or eyes
Symptoms of AMD
- Wavy or distorted lines
- Reduced color perception
- Blurred or dim vision, especially reading
- Dark or empty spots in central vision
Diagnosing AMD
- Visual acuity testing
- Dilated eye exam
- Amsler grid for central vision monitoring
- Fluorescein angiogram to assess blood vessels
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging
Treatment & Prevention
Although no cure currently exists, treatments can slow progression and help preserve vision, especially when started early.
| Treatment | Purpose | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| AREDS vitamin/mineral supplements | Reduce risk of progression in intermediate AMD | Based on Age-Related Eye Disease Study formulation |
| Anti-VEGF injections | Block growth of abnormal blood vessels in wet AMD | Requires regular administration |
| Laser therapy | Seal leaking blood vessels (less commonly used) | May slow wet AMD progression |
| Laser submacular surgery | Remove abnormal vessels | Selected cases only |
| Low vision aids | Assist with daily visual tasks | Includes magnifiers and specialized devices |
| Implantable Miniature Telescope (IMT) | Enhance visual acuity by magnifying images on healthier macula areas | Implanted surgically; for advanced cases |
Why Choose Bellevue Eye Care for AMD Care
Our practice offers comprehensive diagnostics and tailored treatment plans to help manage AMD effectively. Patients receive care from professional ophthalmologists experienced in the latest AMD therapies and technologies.
- Advanced diagnostic tools: OCT, angiography, Amsler grids
- Early detection focus to preserve vision
- Personalized treatment options: tailored to disease stage and type
- Access to innovative therapies: including anti-VEGF and IMT devices
- Support for patients: low vision rehabilitation and counseling